So, the time from sunrise to sunset is lengthened by about 2 + 2 = 4 minutes because of atmospheric refraction. At sunrise and sunset the light coming from the sun has to travel a longer distance through the atmosphere to reach us. Sunrise actually occurs before the Sun truly reaches the horizon because Earth's atmosphere refracts the Sun's image. By actual sunrise, we mean the actual crossing of the horizon by the Sun. For example in Hong Kong, the atmospheric refraction causes the sunrise and sunset to appear about 2 minutes early and late respectively when compared to the situation without the atmospheric refraction. Atmospheric refraction causes advance sunrise and delayed sunset. In reality, both the extent of refraction of the sun's disk and the refraction of the apparent horizon come into play. Atmospheric refraction of light rays are responsible for which of the following effects?Which color of light is most refracted during dispersion by a prism?Refraction is the bending of a wave disturbance as it passes from one ______ to another.The __________ of light can change when light is refracted because the medium changes.In what direction does a focal ray from an object proceed after passing through a converging lens?c) the ray exits the lens parallel to the principal axisWhich of the following conditions is NOT necessary for refraction to occur?What type of an image does a converging lens produce?If atmospheric refraction did not occur, how would the apparent time of sunrise and sunset be changed?c) sunrise would be later, and sunset would be earlierWhich of the following describes what will happen to a light ray incident on a glass-to-air boundary at greater than the critical angle?What type of image is formed when rays of light actually intersect?When a light ray passes from water (n=1.333) into diamond (n=2.419) at an angle of 45', its path isHow is light affected by an increase in the index of refraction?When light passes at an angle to the normal from one material into another material in which its speed is higherIf an object in air is viewed from beneath the surface of water below, where does the object appear to be?A virtual image has a ________ image distance (q) and is located in _____ of the lens.When a light ray moves from air into glass, which has a higher index of refraction, its path is All of the following images can be formed by a converging lens EXCEPT which one?When light passes at an angle to the normal from one material into another material in which its speed is lower

Similarly, at sunset, due to the same bending of light rays, we see the apparent position of the sun, not the actual position. These effects are not visible to the As a common approximation, terrestrial refraction is considered as a constant bending of the ray of light or line of sight, in which the ray can be considered as describing a circular path.

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The photo above showing a gorgeously hued and misshaped Sun was taken from Alexandroupoli, Greece.When the Sun is on the horizon, or very near it, refraction in the lower atmosphere appears to flatten the solar disk.